Why Does My Cat Keep Sneezing?

Sometimes, cats sneeze just like people do. It can happen because of dust, a tickle in their nose, or even when they get excited. A sneeze now and then is normal and nothing to worry about. It’s just their way of clearing out their noses.

But if your cat keeps sneezing a lot, or if they have runny eyes, a stuffy nose, feel tired, or have trouble breathing, it might mean something more serious. Allergies, infections, dental problems, or things in the environment could be causing the problem.

Knowing why your cat is sneezing can help you figure out if it’s just a small issue or something that needs a trip to the vet. In this guide, we’ll go over the common reasons cats sneeze, when to be concerned, and what you can do to help your furry friend feel better.

What are the Common Reasons Why Cats Sneeze?

If your cat sneezes once in a while, it’s usually nothing to worry about. Just like people, cats can sneeze due to dust, strong smells, or minor irritants. However, if sneezing becomes frequent or is accompanied by other symptoms, it could be a sign of an underlying issue. Below are some of the most common reasons why cats sneeze, along with what you need to know about each cause.

Allergies

Cats can develop allergies just like humans. Common allergens include:

• Dust and pollen – These can irritate your cat’s nasal passages and cause sneezing.
  
• Perfumes and cleaning products – Strong scents from air fresheners, candles, or cleaning sprays may trigger sneezing.
  
• Cigarette smoke – Secondhand smoke can cause respiratory irritation in cats.
  
• Cat litter dust – Certain types of litter, especially clay-based, produce fine dust that can irritate your cat’s nose.
  

Upper Respiratory Infections (Feline Cold/Flu)

Cats can catch viral or bacterial infections that affect their respiratory system, leading to sneezing, coughing, and runny eyes. The most common infections include:

• Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) – A highly contagious virus that stays in a cat’s system for life. Stress can trigger flare-ups.
  
• Feline calicivirus (FCV) – This virus often causes mouth ulcers along with respiratory symptoms.
  
• Bacterial infections – Bacteria like Bordetella, Chlamydia, or Mycoplasma can worsen infections and lead to persistent sneezing and nasal discharge.
  

Viruses damage the mucosal lining and stimulate an immune response that increases mucus production. The excess mucus and inflammation trigger the sneeze reflex to help clear the irritants. Studies show that viral infections are a leading cause of cat sneezing, with herpesvirus found in a high percentage of cats.

Foreign Objects

If a cat inhales small particles like dust, grass, or fibers, it may trigger sneezing as their body tries to expel the irritant. Symptoms of a lodged object include:

• Sudden, repeated sneezing
  
• Pawing at the nose
  
• Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)
  

Dental Disease

Many cat owners don’t realize that dental problems can cause sneezing. Anatomically, the roots of a cat’s upper teeth lie very close to the nasal cavity. Infections here can erode the thin barrier between the mouth and the nasal passages, leading to irritation and secondary sneezing. This connection explains why some cats with dental problems also exhibit nasal symptoms. If a tooth becomes infected, it can lead to:

• Nasal discharge (often one-sided)
  
• Frequent sneezing
  
• Bad breath (halitosis)
  

Environmental Irritants

Your home environment may contain substances that irritate your cat’s sensitive nose. Common culprits include:

• Air fresheners and candles – The chemicals in scented products can be irritating.
  
• Essential oils – Some oils, like eucalyptus or tea tree, are not only irritating but toxic to cats.
  
• Cleaning agents – Strong disinfectants, bleach, and ammonia-based products can cause respiratory distress.
  
• Dust and mold – Hidden mold or excessive dust can trigger sneezing over time.

When allergens enter the nasal passages, the cat’s immune system may release histamines, which lead to swelling and irritation of the nasal tissues. This process mimics the body’s response to a foreign pathogen, prompting sneezing to try to remove the allergen.

Nasal Polyps or Tumors

• Nasal polyps – Benign growths inside the nasal passages can cause chronic sneezing and breathing issues, especially in younger cats.
  
• Tumors – Malignant tumors in older cats may block airflow and cause sneezing, nosebleeds, or facial swelling.
  

Fungal Infections

Cats who spend time outdoors may be exposed to fungal spores that can infect their nasal passages. Cryptococcus and Aspergillus are the most common fungal infections leading to sneezing, nasal discharge, and breathing difficulties.

Stress and Immune System Weakness

Stress weakens a cat’s immune system, making them more susceptible to infections that lead to sneezing. Common stressors include:

• Moving to a new home
  
• Introduction of a new pet
  
• Changes in routine
  

Vaccine Reactions

Some cats may sneeze for a few days after receiving an intranasal vaccine. This type of vaccine (often for calicivirus or herpesvirus) can temporarily cause mild sneezing and nasal congestion.

When Should You Be Concerned About Your Cat’s Sneezing?

Occasional sneezing is normal for cats, just like it is for humans. However, persistent sneezing or sneezing accompanied by other symptoms can be a sign of an underlying health issue that requires veterinary attention. Here’s when you should be concerned:

Continuous Sneezing with Discharge

If your cat is sneezing frequently and producing nasal discharge, pay close attention to the type of discharge:

• Clear discharge may indicate minor irritation or allergies.
  
• Yellow or green discharge suggests a bacterial or viral infection.
  
• Bloody discharge could point to trauma, nasal polyps, or even a tumor.
  

Loss of Appetite, Lethargy, or Fever

Cats rely heavily on their sense of smell when eating. If a cat has a blocked nose due to persistent sneezing, it may refuse to eat. Signs that should raise concern include:

• Loss of appetite lasting more than a day.
  
• Lethargy or unusual tiredness.
  
• Fever (normal cat temperature: 100.5–102.5°F / 38–39.2°C).
  

Wheezing or Difficulty Breathing

Cats are obligate nose breathers, meaning they prefer to breathe through their nose. If sneezing leads to difficulty breathing, it might indicate:

• Severe congestion or a blocked nasal passage.
  
• Lower respiratory infections affecting the lungs.
  
• Asthma, which can cause wheezing.

If your cat is breathing with an open mouth or struggling to get air, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

Swelling Around the Nose or Eyes

Swelling in these areas could be caused by:

• Sinus infections that spread and cause facial swelling.
  
• Dental disease, where infections in the mouth impact the sinuses.
  
• Nasal polyps or tumors, which can obstruct airways and cause discomfort.
  

Underlying Chronic Conditions

If sneezing has lasted weeks to months, it might be a sign of:

• Nasal polyps – Common in young cats, causing frequent sneezing.
  
• Chronic viral infections – Like feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), which flares up periodically.
  
• Fungal infections – More common in outdoor cats exposed to soil and bird droppings.
  
• Tumors – Particularly in senior cats, nasal tumors can cause sneezing and nasal discharge.
  

Vulnerable Cats at Higher Risk

Certain cats are more vulnerable to complications from sneezing:

• Kittens and senior cats – Their immune systems are weaker, making them more prone to infections.
  
• Unvaccinated cats – More likely to contract viral illnesses like feline calicivirus.
  
• Cats with underlying health conditions – Cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia (FeLV) have compromised immune systems, making infections more dangerous.
  

What Can You Do?

• Monitor symptoms: Track how often your cat sneezes and note any changes.
  
• Check for irritants: Reduce household dust, avoid scented candles, and switch to dust-free cat litter like our Tofu Cat Litter.
  
• Ensure hydration: A dehydrated cat may struggle to fight off infections.
  
• Consult a vet: If sneezing persists or is accompanied by the symptoms above, your vet may recommend tests like nasal swabs, X-rays, or bloodwork to determine the cause.
  

While a single sneeze isn’t a cause for panic, ongoing sneezing with additional symptoms warrants a closer look. Recognizing warning signs early can help ensure your cat gets the care it needs.

How to Help a Sneezing Cat at Home?

If your cat is sneezing occasionally and doesn’t have other worrying symptoms, there are several ways to make them more comfortable at home. Here’s what you can do:

Keep the Environment Clean and Dust-Free

Cats have sensitive noses, and airborne irritants can trigger sneezing. To reduce exposure:

• Dust and vacuum regularly to remove allergens like pollen, pet dander, and dust mites.
  
• Switch to unscented, low-dust cat litter, as some types create fine particles that can irritate a cat’s nasal passages.
  
• Avoid using scented candles, aerosol sprays, or strong cleaning agents that could be irritating.
  
• Use an air purifier to help remove allergens and improve air quality.
  

Provide Humidified Air

Dry air can worsen nasal irritation, especially in winter when indoor heating is used.

• Use a humidifier in the room where your cat spends most of their time.
  
• Steam therapy: Let your cat rest in a closed bathroom while you run a hot shower (not directly in the water) for 10–15 minutes to loosen mucus and clear nasal congestion.
  

Keep Their Nose and Face Clean

If your cat has nasal discharge, it can cause irritation and discomfort.

• Gently wipe away any discharge using a soft, warm, damp cloth.
  
• If your vet approves, you may use saline nasal drops to help clear mild nasal congestion.
  

Ensure Proper Hydration and Nutrition

A congested cat may struggle to eat or drink properly, which can slow down recovery.

• Encourage drinking water by providing fresh, clean water in multiple locations.
  
• Feed wet food or add a little warm water to dry kibble to make meals easier to eat.
  
• Slightly warm up wet food to enhance the aroma and entice a stuffy cat to eat.
• Offering low-sodium chicken broth can also help with hydration.
  

Reduce Stress and Provide Comfort

Stress can weaken a cat’s immune system, making it harder for them to fight infections.

• Provide a cozy resting space where they feel safe and relaxed.
  
• Minimize loud noises or sudden environmental changes.
  
• Use pheromone diffusers (such as Feliway) to promote calmness.
  

Monitor Symptoms Closely

Occasional sneezing is normal, but if it persists or worsens, pay attention to additional symptoms such as:

• Frequent sneezing fits lasting more than a few days.
  
• Nasal discharge that is yellow, green, or bloody (a sign of infection or serious illness).
  
• Loss of appetite, lethargy, or breathing difficulties.
  
• Coughing or wheezing (could indicate a more serious respiratory issue).
  

If your cat’s sneezing continues despite these home remedies, or if they develop other symptoms, consult a vet. They may recommend tests like nasal swabs, X-rays, or bloodwork to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment.

While mild sneezing can often be managed at home, persistent or severe symptoms require professional attention to ensure your cat stays happy and healthy.

Frequently Asked Question About Cat Sneezing

Why does my cat sneeze so much but seems fine?

Occasional sneezing in cats is completely normal, as it helps clear out dust, pollen, or minor irritants from their nose. However, if your cat is sneezing frequently but otherwise seems healthy, here’s what could be happening:

• Normal reflex: Cats sneeze to remove irritants, just like humans.
  
• Environmental irritants: Exposure to dust, cleaning products, perfumes, or cat litter may lead to sneezing.
  
• Mild allergies: Some cats have low-level sensitivities to pollen or airborne particles, which may cause them to sneeze more often.
  

If the sneezing is persistent but your cat has no other symptoms (like nasal discharge or lethargy), it’s likely due to a mild irritant.

Can a cat’s sneeze be contagious to humans?

In most cases, no the viruses and bacteria that cause cat sneezing are species-specific and cannot infect humans. However, certain zoonotic bacteria such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Chlamydia felis can rarely spread to humans, particularly those with weakened immune systems.

• Feline colds (herpesvirus and calicivirus) do not affect humans.
• Bacterial concerns: While rare, some bacteria carried by cats can cause mild respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised individuals.
  
• Best practice: Washing hands after handling a sick cat reduces any minimal risk

How to relieve cat sneezing?

If your cat’s sneezing is mild and not linked to a severe illness, you can try these home remedies:

• Reduce environmental irritants: Avoid strong chemicals, scented candles, and excessive dust.
  
• Increase humidity: A humidifier or steam from a warm shower can help soothe nasal irritation.
  
• Ensure hydration: Provide fresh water and moist food to keep your cat’s system healthy.
  
• Wipe their nose: Use a damp cloth to gently clean any nasal discharge.
  
• Monitor symptoms: Keep an eye on sneezing frequency and look out for other symptoms like lethargy or loss of appetite.
  

Some sources suggest bathing a cat to remove allergens, but this method is not always necessary. Since most cats groom themselves effectively, frequent bathing may cause stress. Instead, brushing and using a damp cloth to wipe down your cat may be a more suitable option for reducing allergens.

Do cat colds go away on their own?

Cat colds, typically caused by upper respiratory infections, often resolve within 7–10 days with supportive care. To help them recover:

• Ensure hydration and nutrition to support their immune system.
  
• Minimize stress since stress can slow recovery.
  
• Keep their nose clean to make breathing easier.

However, while many cat colds are self-limiting, extra caution is needed for kittens, senior cats, or immunocompromised cats, as they are at higher risk of complications. If symptoms persist beyond 10 days, worsen, or include difficulty breathing, a veterinary visit is necessary.

How to tell if a cat has a fever?

A fever is best confirmed by taking your cat’s temperature:

• Normal temperature: A cat’s body temperature ranges from 100.5°F to 102.5°F (38.1°C–39.2°C).
  
• Using a thermometer: A digital rectal thermometer is the most accurate way to measure a cat’s temperature.
  
• Physical signs of fever: Lethargy, decreased appetite, warm ears or paws, shivering, and rapid breathing can indicate a fever, but these signs alone are not conclusive.

Some sources mention checking for warmth in a cat's ears or face to assess fever, but this method is not reliable as a diagnostic tool. A thermometer remains the most accurate way to confirm if a cat has a fever.